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Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: How to Facet Search Results

Chronicling America is in the process of transitioning from the legacy Chronicling America interface to a new Chronicling America interface and back-end search infrastructure. Read more about it.

Through its enhanced search interface, the new Chronicling America offers more options to search the collection than the old Chronicling America. Search faceting is only available in the new interface.

Search faceting allows you to refine your search and narrow or expand your search results without starting a new search. It works well when you're searching a specific topic but don't know where you want to start your search. You can facet by newspaper title, date, state/province, county, city, ethnicity, language, subject, newspaper page (useful if you're interested in front-page coverage), and more.

For example, if you are interested in learning more about Abraham Lincoln, you can start with a full text search of his name, with the words within 5 words of each other.

 

This results in 127,474 pages*–too many to review!

 

Then, you might decide that you're interested in learning more about the contemporary accounts written during Lincoln's presidency. Instead of doing a new search, you can use the left-hand date facets to select "1860-1869," which results in 15,595 pages*, and then further refine your search by year if you so choose. If your search is too narrow, you can select the "X" next to the facet to remove that search criteria.

 

Going back to your original search, you may also decide that you want to read about Abraham Lincoln from the perspective of African American newspapers. Facet your search by Ethnicity, "African American," which results in 5,653 pages*.

 

Try out a search in the new Chronicling America interface today!

*All page counts are subject to change since we frequently add new content.

 

The Chronicling America historic newspapers online collection is a product of the National Digital Newspapers Program and jointly sponsored by the Library and the National Endowment for the Humanities.


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: How to do a Proximity Search in Chronicling America

Chronicling America is in the process of transitioning from the legacy Chronicling America interface to a new Chronicling America interface and back-end search infrastructure. Read more about it.

Through its enhanced search interface, thenew Chronicling America offers more options to search the collection than the old Chronicling America. The proximity search is available in both interfaces.

Proximity searching narrows your search by specifying whether keywords are next to, near to, or within a given distance from one another. Proximity searches are useful when searching historic newspapers because you may want to search an exact phrase, such as a place name or a historic quote, or you may want to use broader search criteria because you're uncertain how a newspaper printed a phrase, such as a person's name.

To do a proximity search on the old interface, click on the "Advanced Search" tab and enter your keywords into one of the four boxes: "with any of the words," "with all of the words," "with the phrase," and "with the words... within # of words of each other."

Loc.gov Release Communication Plan LegacyAdvancedSearch.png" width="700" data-image-src="/wikis/download/attachments/157846422/LegacyAdvancedSearch.png?version=1&modificationDate=1699041585000&api=v2" data-unresolved-comment-count="0" data-linked-resource-id="179377459" data-linked-resource-version="1" data-linked-resource-type="attachment" data-linked-resource-default-alias="LegacyAdvancedSearch.png" data-base-url="https://staff.loc.gov/wikis" data-linked-resource-content-type="image/png" data-linked-resource-container-id="157846422" data-linked-resource-container-version="88" data-location="Chronicling America Conversion > Loc.gov Release Communication Plan > LegacyAdvancedSearch.png" data-image-height="589" data-image-width="1300" />

To do a proximity search on the new interface, click on the "Collection Items" tab and click the "plus" button next to "Advanced Search."

Loc.gov Release Communication Plan P1SimpleSearch.png" width="700" data-image-src="/wikis/download/attachments/157846422/P1SimpleSearch.png?version=1&modificationDate=1699041705000&api=v2" data-unresolved-comment-count="0" data-linked-resource-id="179377468" data-linked-resource-version="1" data-linked-resource-type="attachment" data-linked-resource-default-alias="P1SimpleSearch.png" data-base-url="https://staff.loc.gov/wikis" data-linked-resource-content-type="image/png" data-linked-resource-container-id="157846422" data-linked-resource-container-version="88" data-location="Chronicling America Conversion > Loc.gov Release Communication Plan > P1SimpleSearch.png" data-image-height="417" data-image-width="1162" />

The four options from the old search interface have been combined into one search box in the new interface. Select the "Pages (Full Text)" radio button, and then choose one of the options from the "All of these words" drop-down menu: "All of these words," "Any of these words," "This exact phrase," "These words within 5 words of each other," or "These words within 10 words of each other." Next, type your keywords into the box.

Loc.gov Release Communication Plan P1ProximitySearch.png" width="700" data-image-src="/wikis/download/attachments/157846422/P1ProximitySearch.png?version=1&modificationDate=1699392217000&api=v2" data-unresolved-comment-count="0" data-linked-resource-id="179382428" data-linked-resource-version="1" data-linked-resource-type="attachment" data-linked-resource-default-alias="P1ProximitySearch.png" data-base-url="https://staff.loc.gov/wikis" data-linked-resource-content-type="image/png" data-linked-resource-container-id="157846422" data-linked-resource-container-version="88" data-location="Chronicling America Conversion > Loc.gov Release Communication Plan > P1ProximitySearch.png" data-image-height="832" data-image-width="1156" />

For example, if you want to search for Abraham Lincoln, the 16th U.S. President, but aren't sure if newspapers printed his whole name, we would recommend searching keywords "Abraham Lincoln President" using "These words within 5 words of each other."

Loc.gov Release Communication Plan P1ProximitySearch1.png" width="700" data-image-src="/wikis/download/attachments/157846422/P1ProximitySearch1.png?version=2&modificationDate=1700495806000&api=v2" data-unresolved-comment-count="0" data-linked-resource-id="180438279" data-linked-resource-version="2" data-linked-resource-type="attachment" data-linked-resource-default-alias="P1ProximitySearch1.png" data-base-url="https://staff.loc.gov/wikis" data-linked-resource-content-type="image/png" data-linked-resource-container-id="157846422" data-linked-resource-container-version="88" data-location="Chronicling America Conversion > Loc.gov Release Communication Plan > P1ProximitySearch1.png" data-image-height="691" data-image-width="1723" />

If you want to search for articles about President Abraham Lincoln and General Ulysses S. Grant during the Civil War, we would recommend using keywords "Lincoln Grant" since they were often referred to by their last names, and use "All of these words" since they may not be located near each other in an article or on a page. You could use the start and end dates to narrow your results to the Civil War period.

Loc.gov Release Communication Plan P1ProximitySearch2.png" width="700" data-image-src="/wikis/download/attachments/157846422/P1ProximitySearch2.png?version=1&modificationDate=1700495815000&api=v2" data-unresolved-comment-count="0" data-linked-resource-id="180438286" data-linked-resource-version="1" data-linked-resource-type="attachment" data-linked-resource-default-alias="P1ProximitySearch2.png" data-base-url="https://staff.loc.gov/wikis" data-linked-resource-content-type="image/png" data-linked-resource-container-id="157846422" data-linked-resource-container-version="88" data-location="Chronicling America Conversion > Loc.gov Release Communication Plan > P1ProximitySearch2.png" data-image-height="697" data-image-width="1726" />

If you want to search for articles about Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, we would recommend searching "Gettysburg Address" using "This exact phrase" since it was a formal speech referred to by that name. You can sort the results by "Date (oldest first)" or use the left side date facet if you want to read only contemporary accounts about the Gettysburg Address instead of later articles that reflected upon it.

Loc.gov Release Communication Plan P1ProximitySearch3.png" width="700" data-image-src="/wikis/download/attachments/157846422/P1ProximitySearch3.png?version=1&modificationDate=1700495823000&api=v2" data-unresolved-comment-count="0" data-linked-resource-id="180438289" data-linked-resource-version="1" data-linked-resource-type="attachment" data-linked-resource-default-alias="P1ProximitySearch3.png" data-base-url="https://staff.loc.gov/wikis" data-linked-resource-content-type="image/png" data-linked-resource-container-id="157846422" data-linked-resource-container-version="88" data-location="Chronicling America Conversion > Loc.gov Release Communication Plan > P1ProximitySearch3.png" data-image-height="687" data-image-width="1726" />

Try out a search in the new Chronicling America interface today!

The Chronicling Americahistoric newspapers online collection is a product of theNational Digital Newspapers Programand jointly sponsored by the Library and theNational Endowment for the Humanities.


News from the Library of Congress

News from the Library of Congress

Friends of the Library of Congress,A Materials from the Musical aHadestowna and More


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: How Do I Search Chronicling America?

As we announced last week, Chronicling America is in the process of transitioning from the legacy Chronicling America interface to a new Chronicling America interface and back-end search infrastructure. Read more about it.

Through its enhanced search interface, thenew Chronicling America offers more options to search the collection than the old Chronicling America.

In the old Chronicling America interface, the simple search is on the home page.

On the new Chronicling America interface, the simple search is available at the top of every page within this digital collection. Note "This Collection" is automatically populated in the top search bar on the "About this Collection" page.

To access the Advanced Search, on the old interface, click on the "Advanced Search" tab. In this tab, you can refine your search by state, title, years or date range, language, and by doing multiple types of keyword searches.

To access the new Advanced Search, click on the "Collection Items" tab and click the "plus" button next to "Advanced Search."

After the Advanced Search is expanded, you can search by title, issue, or page. Select "Pages" to search within the full text of the collection's newspapers and to filter by language. You can still do multiple types of keyword searches and narrow your search by State/Province, County, City, and Title. For example, if you want to search only Arkansas titles, select "Arkansas" from the "State/Province" drop-down menu and only Arkansas titles will appear in the "Title" field. You can also narrow the new advanced search by ethnicity, such as African American, German, or Polish, and narrow your search by date.

Once you hit "Search," you can further narrow your results using the facets on the left sidebar, for example, by title, date, county, or ethnicity. This is a new feature that the old interface was not able to do.

Try out a search in the new Chronicling America interface today!

The Chronicling Americahistoric newspapers online collection is a product of theNational Digital Newspapers Programand jointly sponsored by the Library and theNational Endowment for the Humanities.


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Chronicling America Migration Announcement

TheLibrary of Congressisexcited to announcethat the Chronicling America Historic Newspapers website is in the process of transitioning from the legacyChronicling Americainterface to a newChronicling Americainterface and back-end search infrastructure.

In Spring 2024, visitors going tochroniclingamerica.loc.govwill be re-directed to thenew Chronicling America website, which will continue to provide free access to historic digitized newspapers. The exact date will be announced in the coming months on the newChronicling America Website Migrationpage, on theChronicling America Historical Newspapers email list, and also added to the home pages on both versions of the Chronicling America website. The current version of the website will be officially sunset later in 2024.

Users are encouraged to begin using thenew Chronicling America websitefor research. AResearch Guide on using Chronicling Americain the new environment is available.

In the new system, the digitized newspapers will become part of a larger Library of Congress digital collections framework that recently received major upgrades to accommodate future growth and expansion of the collection. New website features include faceted browse options (refine searches by ethnicity, location, subject, language, etc.), improved image viewing, improved Advanced Search options, and more. The new interface also allows users to browsedigitized titlesin amap. Uploads to the new interface are now automated so you may notice that there are more pages available in the new interface than thelongstanding version ofChronicling America.

As part of the updates, theUnited States Newspaper Directory 1690-Presenthas also been migrated into a separate searchable collection. Users can access the newDirectory of U.S. Newspapers in American Libraries, which is a searchable index of newspapers published in the United States since 1690. This directory can help identify what titles exist for a specific place and time, and how to access them. For a detailed overview of the Directory, search tips, and FAQs, please consult theDirectory of U.S. Newspapers in American Libraries: A Guide for Researchers.

Digital Humanities scholars and researchers who access the collection via computational methods will continue to have access to bulk OCR but should transition to using the Loc.Gov API atloc.gov/apis. Bulk OCR downloads can be accessed from the longstandingOCR Data pageuntil further notice when a new "Datasets" page will be made available on the new site.

Chronicling America was originally launched in 2007 and later updated to the current version of the website in 2011. Since that time, the site saw the growth of the collection to include over 21 million newspaper pages from every state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands as part of the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP). Co-sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), NDNP continues to award funds to cultural heritage institutions around the United States to participate in the program.

Please send feedback about the new website tondnptech@loc.govand subscribe to theChronicling America Historical Newspapers email listfor more updates.


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Join the Library of Congress for Summer 2024--Junior Fellow

The 2024 Junior Fellows Program (JFP) is accepting applications now through Monday, November 27, 2023. JFP 2024 is a paid internship offering remote and onsite projects for many different majors and interests.

Opportunity

The Junior Fellows Program is a paid, full-time summer internship that enables the next generation of diverse cultural institution professionals to experience and interpret the collections, events, and services of the world's largest, all-inclusive library.

Projects increase access to Library of Congress collections and promote awareness of the Library's resources to Congress and people in communities across America. With guidance from mentors, Junior Fellows produce products that position the Library as a dynamic center for fostering innovation, sparking creativity, and building lifelong connections.

Program Dates and Schedule

JFP24 starts on Monday, May 20 and ends on Friday, July 26, 2024.

Junior Fellows work 40 hours per week, Monday – Friday.

Eligibility

Currently enrolled undergraduate and graduate students from all majors, and recent graduates between January 1, 2023 – December 31, 2023 are eligible to apply.

How to Apply

Connect with JFP

Researching the Black Press in Chronicling America (Remote)

Project Description: In this project, the Junior Fellow will learn how to research the Black Press in America in the 19th and early 20th centuries using primary and secondary sources and write newspaper history essays to provide context to users of Chronicling America under the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP). This project seeks to expand collection access and context for many of the individual newspaper titles digitized in a 2021-2023 project. The incumbent will create up to ten well-researched newspaper history essays up to 500 words long, representing significant titles or groups of titles from this collection, providing additional context to the content in the newspapers, the community they served, and the publishers and editors who created the newspapers. Americans will benefit from this project by gaining a deeper of the Black Press and its impact.

Knowledge and skills required: Ability to perform research in historic primary resources. Ability to research and write concise, well-written essays for public consumption. Knowledge of 19th and early 20th century African American History, including people, events, and places. Familiarity in using digital collections repositories or databases, or digitized materials.

Knowledge and skills preferred: Ability to perform research in historic newspapers. Familiarity with the American Black Press in the 19th and early 20th centuries.


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Recording Available--Chronicling America aTurning Points in Historya

In case you missed it, the video recording from the September 6 webinar "Chronicling America 'Turning Points in History'" is available.

Join Library of Congress Reference Librarian Amber Paranick and Digital Conversion Specialist Mike Saelee to learn how to search for primary source materials in Chronicling America, a free digital collection of over 20 million pages from American newspapers published between 1770 and 1963 for National History Day research. The presentation caters to this year’s theme, "Turning Points in History," and will discuss the collection, its search interface, how to navigate the challenges of working with historic newspapers, and additional resources to assist students and educators. Chronicling America is jointly sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress.


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Announcing Webinar September 20, 2023, 4pm ET--Can Historical Newspapers be an Antidote to the Environmental Crisis?

The National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress and invites you to attend the webinar on September 20, 2023 at 4:00PM ET "Can Historical Newspapers be an Antidote to the Environmental Crisis?" in which author Kerri Arsenault considers how our environmental crisis is tethered to an aesthetic and rhetorical crisis. So many institutions grant the public “free” access to archives, but what if—as an ordinary citizen—you can’t even find the door? This talk will consider barriers to information, how such obstacles may exacerbate the environmental crisis, and what newspapers can do that many resources cannot to help unlock knowledge for those who need it most.

Kerri Arsenault is a literary critic, co-director of The Environmental Storytelling Studio at Brown University, contributing editor at Orion magazine, and author of Mill Town: Reckoning with What Remains (2020), which won the Rachel Carson Environmental Book Award (2021) and the Maine Literary Award for Nonfiction (2021) and was a finalist for the Connecticut Humanities Book Award for Nonfiction (2021). Recently, she was a Democracy Fellow at Harvard’s Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History and a fellow at the Science History Institute. Her writing has been published in the Boston Globe, the Paris Review, the New York Review of Books, the Washington Post, and the New York Times.

Click to register for the event.


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Announcing Webinar--Chronicling America: "Turning Points in History"

Join Library of Congress Reference Librarian Amber Paranick and Digital Conversion Specialist Mike Saelee to learn how to search for primary source materials in Chronicling America, a free digital collection of over 20 million pages from American newspapers published between 1770 and 1963 for National History Day research. The presentation will cater to this year’s theme, "Turning Points in History," and will discuss the collection, its search interface, how to navigate the challenges of working with historic newspapers, and additional resources to assist students and educators. Chronicling America is jointly sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress.

This presentation will be hosted live on September 6, 2023 from 1:00-1:35pm EDT and will be recorded for later viewing. For those unable to attend this program at the time, the recording will be available for viewing afterward at the Newspaper and Current Periodical Reading Room's Event Webinars collection.

Individuals requiring ADA accommodations should submit a request at least five business days in advance by contacting (202) 707-6362 or ADA@loc.gov.

Please register for the event.


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Webinar Recording Now Available--Using Chronicling America for Historical Research

The webinar recording for "Using Chronicling America for Historical Research: The Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War" is now available.

Join the Library of Congress in exploring historical events, such as those in the American Civil War, usingChronicling America, a free digital collection of over 20 million pages from American newspapers published between 1770 and 1963. The talk demonstrates search strategies for names, places, and events in this vast collection. The methods can also be used to research general military history and other events.

Click here for more information.


July News from the Library of Congress

News from the Library of Congress

National Book Festival, Live! at the Library, Ken Burns Prize for Film and More


June News from the Library of Congress

News from the Library of Congress

Book Festival Author Lineup, Papers of Composer John Adams, Poet Laureateas Poem for NASAas Europa Clipper and More


May News from the Library of Congress

News from the Library of Congress

Ada LimA3n to Reveal Poem for NASA Europa, Film Festival Lineup of of Rare Cinema and Special Guests Released,A Library Awards More than $200,000 to Five Projects Highlighting Uses of Digital CollectionsA and More


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Announcing May 24 Webinar--History Unfolded: Online Research Sprint

Join the Library of Congress for our final online research sprint with the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) for their History Unfolded project on May 24, 2023, 6:00-8:00 PM EDT (US and Canada). Search the Library’s historic American newspaper collection, Chronicling America, to find out what people knew and how they reacted to the events leading up to and during the Holocaust.

Staff from the Library of Congress will present the Library’s historic newspaper archive, Chronicling America, and demonstrate how to use the advanced search functions. Staff from USHMM will introduce the History Unfolded project, which investigates U.S. press coverage of several Holocaust-related events. They will instruct participants on how to submit relevant newspaper articles to the History Unfolded database. Following the presentations there will be time to conduct your own research and upload findings to History Unfolded.

Request ADA accommodations at least five business days in advance at (202) 707-6362 or ADA@loc.gov.

Click here for more information and to register for the webinar.


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Announcing May 10 Webinar--The United States Civil War: The Atlanta Campaign

You are welcome to attend the webinar "Using Chronicling America for Historical Research: The Atlanta Campaign of the United States Civil War" on May 10, 2023 from 6:00-7:00pm EDT.

Learn how to use our digitized newspaper collection to conduct historical research, with a special focus on the American Civil War. Join Henry Carter (Library of Congress) and Donald Summerlin (University of Georgia Libraries) to learn how to research military history in Chronicling America, a free digital collection of over 20 million pages from American newspapers published between 1770 and 1963. The presenters will discuss the collection, the search interface, and how to navigate the challenges of working with historic newspapers. The presentation will specifically focus on researching the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War, but the search techniques can be applied to broader military history research. Chronicling America is jointly sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress.

After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar. If you encounter problems with your registration, please contact ndnptech@loc.gov.

Individuals requiring ADA accommodations are requested to submit a request at least five business days in advance by contacting (202) 707-6362 or ADA@loc.gov.

This presentation will be recorded.

Click for more information and to register.


April News from the Library of Congress

News from the Library of Congress

2023 National Recording Registry,A U.S. Poet Laureate Ada LimA3n Appointed for a Historic Two-Year Second Term, Main ReadingA Room OpeningA and More


March News from the Library of Congress

News from the Library of Congress

AHHA Internship Program,A Experience the World in Sound with Jim Metzner,A Close-Up Book SeriesA and More


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Massachusetts Newspapers Now Available

We are excited to announce that we have uploaded the first batches of Massachusetts newspapers from our partner, Boston Public Library, to Chronicling America! With these contributions, Chronicling America now extends back to 1770. We will continue to add more content in the coming months.

Titles and date ranges currently available:

  • Lancaster gazette (Lancaster, MA): March 4, 1828 to April 13, 1830
  • The Massachusetts spy (Boston, MA): August 23, 1770 to September 24, 1772
  • The Massachusetts spy, or, Thomas’s Boston journal (Boston, MA): October 8, 1772 to December 29, 1774
  • Thomas’s Massachusetts spy, or, Worcester gazette (Worcester, MA): March 7, 1821 to May 16, 1821
  • The Massachusetts spy (Worcester, MA): May 23, 1821 to September 3, 1823
  • The Daily spy (Worcester, MA): June 28, 1848 to September 18, 1850
  • Worcester daily spy (Worcester, MA): September 19, 1850 to December 31, 1853; January 1, 1858 to December 31, 1863
  • The guardian (Boston, MA): January 3, 1948 to April 20, 1957

Explore the newspapers here.


February News from the Library of Congress

News from the Library of Congress

Artists to Celebrate Joni Mitchell,A Garth Fagan Dance Company,A

Lilly Endowment, and More.


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Announcing Two Interactive Dataset Tools

The Library of Congress and National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) announce the addition of two new interactive tools for creating and analyzing Chronicling America datasets. In addition to the over 20 million pages of digitized news available, for every newspaper added to Chronicling America, National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP) state partners provide 500-word newspaper biographies or title essays. These essays contain information about the editor or publisher, the history of the publication, information about the community the newspaper served, and important events the newspaper covered.

In a recent National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) blog post, Daniel Evans, a PhD student at the University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign and Pathways Intern with the NEH, describes his project to re-envision these newspaper essays as data. He created two web-based Jupyter notebooks that guide researchers through the process of using these essays as data. Using both notebooks requires little-to-no programming experience. They are included with other tutorials and resources on the Library of Congress’s GitHub repository. Their goal is to provide researchers with a downloadable dataset of all the title essays and tips on how one can create specific queries related to a variety of research needs and interests.


Join the Friends of the Library of Congress!

Join the Friends of the Library of Congress

As you finalize your year-end giving, consider a tax-deductible donation to the Library of Congress and become a member of Friends of the Library of Congress!

Your membership will help the Library broaden its reach, expand collections, animate spaces, and ensure that all people everywhere can access the Library of Congress and find the expected and unexpected.

And, as a member, you'll have even more opportunities to engage with the Library and its vast collections in 2023.

Learn more about Friends of the Library of Congress and join today.


December News from the Library of Congress

News from the Library of Congress

National Film Registry, Join In,A Music Commissions from Koussevitzky Foundation and more.


Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Webinar--Chronicling America: Using Historical Newspapers

Chronicling America—a partnership between the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), the Library of Congress, and state cultural institutions—includes over 20 million pages of U.S. newspapers from 1777–1963. What can you do with these newspapers? Genealogy, teaching with primary sources, citizen history projects, and experiments with artificial intelligence (AI)! Come learn how these free and publicly accessible newspapers can be used for research Tuesday, December 13 at 2pm ET. 

Register for the webinar.

 


Give the Gift of Membership: Friends of the Library of Congress

Give the Gift of Membership

Are you still looking for the coolest holiday history gift? Someone once said that the Library makes history cool. (Okay, it was popstar Lizzo who said that.) Give a Friends of the Library of Congress Membership to a friend or loved one this holiday season!

Your gift membership provides the recipient unique opportunities to engage with and explore the oddly crush-worthy Library of Congress. A gift membership is not only a gift for your friend or loved one but a gift to all people, everywhere.

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Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: Searching Native American Newspapers

Chronicling America has grown its collection of newspapers by and for Native American communities under the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP) over the past decade through the contributions of state partners. This blog post features interviews with state partners from Arizona and Minnesota who have digitized several titles by and about Native Americans featured in Chronicling America. It also provides search tips for finding the titles and searching within the newspapers.

Clickhereto read the post.


Don Imus

In a civilized society, there is an ever-changing social compact regarding words or points of view which, for the lack of a better term, are socially incorrect.

I have great problems with our government trying to legislate which words or points of view are socially incorrect. Thank goodness for our First Amendment.

But, I have little problem with others calling someone on the carpet for the expression of words or points of view which are so hurtful, insensitive or offensive that they simply have no place being publicly stated.

Don Imus must have missed the last few decades of life in America. Today, it is absolutely unacceptable to joke or make derogatory comments about a person's racial characteristics, particularly when doing it in a way that casts aspersions upon them. What Don Imus essentially said, if I understand his vernacular, was to call the women athletes "black whores".

Our radio industry should take the lead and serve as an example to our communities in commentary, entertainment, and music. We should never accept programming that breaks the social compact on those few words or points of view that are verboten (there are not many such words in today's world -- just look at how pervasive the use of the F-word has become), unless it is because we believe that society is wrong to regard the words or point of view as socially incorrect.

I wish I could think of another term rather than "socially incorrect" to describe Don Imus' comment as that term might have left-wing or liberal implications. Socially incorrect, in the sense in which I am using it, identifies those few words and points of view which our collective society in general have agreed have no place in civilized conversation. "Socially incorrect" today includes derogatory comments about any established religion or nationality. Think of the firestorm that would erupt if a derogatory comment was broadcast about Catholic or Jewish persons or their religious practices, or attributing German WWII atrocities to Americans of German heritage. Derogatory comments about sexual persuasion have also made it into the "socially incorrect" category. Isn't it interesting, however, that, for a time not too many years ago, jokes about people of a Polish heritage were acceptable.

Don Imus apparently recognized his error immediately as he is profusely apologizing (or, more likely, someone on his station's staff called him up and asked him how he could have said what he said). Unfortunately, as many of us have learned the hard way, apologies do not always work when some things are said.

The reason that apologies will not suffice for Don Imus is because of what I observe above -- it appears that he must have missed the last few decades in America as he still thinks it is sport and funny to deride people of color. As one broadcaster I know notes, Don Imus' comment was simply racist, which is wholly unacceptable in today's world.

IBOC HD Radio Decision Finally Adopted by FCC

The FCC today adopted a decision on digital radio that does the following:

(1) HD operation will now be allowed without prior authority, even for dual antenna operations. Thus, no further need to apply for STAs for dual antenna operations.

(2) Nighttime AM HD operations are now authorized.

(3) HD operations by FM translators, FM boosters, and LPFMs are now authorized.

(4) The main channel of HD operations must simulcast the analog programming.

(5) HD2 and HD3 operations may proceed without prior authority. Thus, no need to apply for experimental authority for HD2 and HD3 operations.

(6) Broadcasters may lease HD2 and HD3 channels to third parties.

(7) There is no mandatory conversion schedule for HD broadcasting. Also, no exclusive digital only operations will be authorized at this time.

(8) The issue of whether there should be additional content control requirements (i.e. restrictions on the ability of receivers to archive programming) is deferred.

(9) The FCC is seeking further comment upon the amount of subscription services that may be run, and whether there should be additional public interest channels on the digital channels.

Once the Commission releases the Report and Order on this decision, more will be known about the nuances. For now, however, it is encouraging to see that AM HD nighttime broadcasting is authorized, that translators and LPFMs can broadcast an HD signal, and that the time-consuming requirements to file for STAs and for experimental authority for some HD broadcasting has been eliminated.


2007 Broadcast Station Local Public File Checklists

The Federal Communications Commission's Enforcement Bureau and its Regional and Field Offices has shown no let-up in enforcing the Commission's local public file rules. In an effort to assist stations in compliance with the local public file rule, we have created one page local public file checklists for commercial broadcast radio and TV stations for each of the 50 states, territories and the District of Columbia. These one page local public file checklists may be accessed by clicking on this link: 2007 One Page Broadcast Station Local Public File Checklists.

Once each quarter, on January 10th, April 10th, July 10th and October 10th, stations are required to place into their public file a listing of the most significant issues in their community and a listing of the programs that were broadcast addressing these issues. In addition, at various times, often based upon the state in which a station is licensed, broadcast stations are required to place in the local public file EEO material, copies of ownership reports, copies of authorizations, materials required by the political broadcasting and children's television rules, and a variety of other materials. Conversely, there are many materials that are only needed to be kept in the local public file for a set amount of time after which those materials should be removed.

In order to keep your station's local public file up to date, it is recommended that one of your staff be assigned to periodically go through the station's public file using the 2007 One Page Broadcast Station Local Public File Checklists.

NTIA Creates New $1.5 Billion Consumer Equipment Market

The National Telecommunication and Information Administration of the US Department of Commerce (NTIA) on March 13 created a new $1.5 billion dollar market for consumer settop equipment designed to convert digital television signals to analog signals. Pursuant to the Digital Television Transition and Public Safety Act of 2005 Congress will require all television broadcast stations to cease operating on the analog channels they currently use and broadcast only digital signals. Read more...

AMs on FM Translators

While the FCC is considering a petition for rulemaking filed last summer by the NAB to allow AM stations to be carried on FM translators, the FCC has gone ahead and granted two AM stations special temporary authority to proceed now with rebroadcasting their stations on FM translators. The stations are WRHI(AM) and WGNS(AM), and the FCC letters granting the STAs can be read by clicking on the station call letters. Whether these STA grants will unleash a torrent of similar requests for waivers to the FCC is unknown but is a possibility.

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